What Is PS in Gynaecology | Sai Hospital, Haldwani

When you visit a gynaecologist, you might notice abbreviations like “PV” or “PS” written in your medical notes or prescriptions. These are medical shorthand terms doctors use for common gynaecological examinations. One that often confuses patients is PS. Many women wonder — what is PS in gynaecology, and why is it done?

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, our team of expert gynaecologists believes that understanding every part of your examination helps you feel informed and at ease. Let’s discuss in detail what “PS” means, what happens during the test, and why it’s an essential part of women’s reproductive healthcare.

What Does PS Mean in Gynaecology?

In gynaecology, PS stands for “Per Speculum”, which means “through the speculum.”

A PS examination is a clinical procedure in which the doctor uses a medical instrument called a speculum to gently open the vaginal walls for visual inspection of the vagina and cervix.

It allows the gynaecologist to directly see internal structures that cannot be examined externally, helping detect infections, inflammation, discharge, ulcers, polyps, or cervical changes.

Purpose of a PS Examination

A Per Speculum (PS) examination is one of the most common and important diagnostic procedures in gynaecology. It is typically done to:

1. Inspect the Cervix and Vaginal Walls
   • To check for signs of infection, ulceration, or abnormal growths.
2. Evaluate Vaginal Discharge
   • To determine the cause (bacterial, fungal, or parasitic). Swabs may be collected for testing.
3. Detect Infections Early
   • Infections such as bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or trichomoniasis can be identified visually or through lab tests after a PS exam.
4. Screen for Cervical Cancer
   • During a PS examination, a Pap smear may be taken to detect early cellular changes in the cervix.
5. Assess Bleeding or Post-Menopausal Symptoms
   • Helps identify abnormal bleeding sources or changes in post-menopausal women.
6. Assist in Procedures
   • The PS examination is often the first step before procedures like intrauterine device (IUD) insertion, biopsy, or colposcopy.

When Is a PS Examination Recommended?

Doctors at Sai Hospital, Haldwani may advise a PS exam in cases such as:

• Vaginal discharge with itching or foul smell
• Pelvic pain or lower abdominal discomfort
• Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
• Pain during intercourse
• Post-coital bleeding (bleeding after intercourse)
• Screening for cervical health in routine check-ups

How Is a PS Examination Performed?

The procedure is simple, quick, and performed under hygienic and comfortable conditions.

Here’s what happens step by step:

1. Preparation

• You’ll be asked to empty your bladder before the test.
• The gynaecologist explains the procedure and ensures your comfort and consent.
• A nurse or female attendant is present throughout for support.

2. Positioning

• You’ll lie on an examination table with knees bent and feet slightly apart.

3. Insertion of the Speculum

• The doctor gently inserts a sterile speculum (a small instrument made of metal or plastic) into the vagina.
• The speculum slightly opens the vaginal walls, allowing clear visibility of the cervix and vaginal canal.

4. Visual Inspection

• The gynaecologist checks for redness, discharge, growths, or ulcers.
• Swabs or samples may be taken if infection or abnormality is suspected.

5. Pap Smear or Test Collection (if needed)

• A soft brush or spatula is used to collect cervical cells for a Pap smear test.
• The sample is sent to the lab for cytological examination.

6. Completion

• The speculum is carefully removed, and you can relax immediately afterward.

The entire process takes about 5–10 minutes and is generally well-tolerated.

Is a PS Examination Painful?

For most women, a PS examination causes mild pressure or discomfort, not pain.

• Using a gentle technique, proper lubrication, and slow insertion minimizes discomfort.
• At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, patient comfort and privacy are prioritized — doctors explain every step before proceeding.

If you have vaginal dryness or infection, you may feel slight irritation, which subsides quickly after the exam.

After the PS Examination

There are usually no side effects after a PS exam. You might notice:

• Mild spotting for a few hours (especially after a Pap smear)
• Temporary soreness or sensitivity

You can return to normal activities immediately. If a sample was taken, results are usually available within a few days, and your doctor will discuss them during follow-up.

PS vs PV Examination: What’s the Difference?

Patients often confuse PS and PV examinations because they are both part of pelvic evaluations. Here’s how they differ:

In many cases, both PS and PV exams are done together to give a complete understanding of reproductive health.

Importance of PS Examination in Women’s Health

The Per Speculum (PS) examination is a vital step in preventive healthcare. It helps:

• Detect early signs of infection or cervical cancer
• Ensure reproductive organs are healthy
• Diagnose problems before symptoms worsen
• Guide further investigations like ultrasound or biopsy

Regular screening, especially for women over 30, plays a key role in reducing the risk of cervical and vaginal diseases.

How to Prepare for a PS Examination

A few simple steps can make the process smoother:

• Avoid using vaginal creams, lubricants, or douching 24 hours before the exam.
• Do not schedule the test during menstruation unless necessary.
• Empty your bladder before the procedure.
• Relax and communicate any anxiety to your doctor — gentle reassurance always helps.

PS Examination During Pregnancy

In pregnancy, a PS examination may be done only when required, such as to check for infection, bleeding, or during pre-labour assessments.
Doctors at Sai Hospital, Haldwani perform such exams very carefully to ensure the mother’s comfort and safety.

FAQs: What Is PS in Gynaecology

1. What does PS mean in gynaecology?
PS stands for Per Speculum, meaning an examination done using a speculum to view the vagina and cervix.

2. Is PS examination the same as a Pap smear?
Not exactly. A Pap smear is performed during a PS exam — the PS exam allows the doctor to collect cervical cells for the test.

3. Is the PS exam necessary during every visit?
No. It’s recommended when there are symptoms like discharge, pain, or irregular bleeding, or for routine cervical screening.

4. How often should women get a PS exam with Pap smear?
Every 3 years for women aged 21–65, or as advised by your gynaecologist.

5. Can PS examination detect cancer?
It can identify suspicious cervical changes, but confirmation requires Pap smear or biopsy testing.

Conclusion

So, what is PS in gynaecology?
It stands for Per Speculum, a safe and simple examination that allows gynaecologists to visually inspect the vagina and cervix for signs of infection, inflammation, or disease.

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, our gynaecology team ensures every PS examination is performed gently, with complete privacy, respect, and explanation at every step.

Whether you’re visiting for routine screening or specific symptoms, our goal is to make you feel comfortable, informed, and confident about your reproductive health. Regular check-ups and timely PS exams are key to early detection, effective treatment, and lifelong wellness.