When people hear the word “urologist,” many assume it’s a doctor only for men or only for kidney stones. In reality, urology is one of the broadest and most important medical specialties, covering urinary and reproductive health for both men and women, and even children.

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, our urology department treats a wide range of conditions — from simple urinary infections to advanced prostate and kidney surgeries. If you’ve ever wondered what do urology doctors do, this guide explains it clearly, simply, and without medical jargon.

Who Is a Urology Doctor?

A urology doctor (urologist) is a medical specialist trained to diagnose and treat diseases of the:

• Kidneys
• Ureters (tubes connecting kidneys to bladder)
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
• Prostate gland (in men)
• Testes and male reproductive organs

Urologists manage problems related to:

• Urination
• Urinary infections
• Kidney stones
• Prostate health
• Male fertility
• Urinary control (leakage or retention)

They treat men, women, and children.

What Do Urology Doctors Do? (In Simple Terms)

A urologist’s job includes diagnosis, medical treatment, and surgery for urinary and male reproductive problems.

Let’s break it down into the most common areas.

1. They Treat Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urologists manage:

• Recurrent UTIs
• Severe UTIs
• Complicated infections
• UTIs in men
• UTIs linked to stones or prostate problems

If burning during urination keeps returning, a urologist investigates the root cause instead of just repeating antibiotics.

2. They Treat Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are one of the most common reasons people visit a urologist.

Urologists handle:

• Stone diagnosis
• Pain management
• Medical stone dissolution
• ESWL (shock wave therapy)
• Laser stone surgery
• PCN and stent placement
• Preventing stone recurrence

3. They Manage Prostate Problems (In Men)

Urologists treat:

• Enlarged prostate (BPH)
• Prostate infections
• Prostate cancer
• Weak urine stream
• Urinary retention
• Frequent night urination

They also guide patients for:

• PSA testing
• Prostate biopsy
• Medical vs surgical prostate treatment

4. They Treat Urinary Incontinence (Leakage)

Leakage of urine affects:

• Women after childbirth
• Elderly patients
• People after spine injury
• Post-prostate surgery patients

Urologists diagnose the type of incontinence and offer:

• Pelvic floor therapy
• Medications
• Minimally invasive procedures
• Surgical correction if needed

5. They Treat Blood in Urine (Hematuria)

Blood in urine is never normal.

Urologists investigate:

• Stones
• Infections
• Bladder tumors
• Kidney tumors
• Prostate problems
• Trauma

Early diagnosis here is critical, especially for cancer detection.

6. They Handle Male Fertility and Sexual Health

Urologists treat:

• Low sperm count
• Varicocele
• Erectile dysfunction
• Premature ejaculation
• Hormonal imbalance
• Testicular issues

They also manage:

• Vasectomy
• Fertility-preserving surgeries
• Ejaculatory disorders

7. They Perform Urological Surgeries

Urologists are trained surgeons.

Common surgeries include:

• Kidney stone removal
• Prostate surgery
• Bladder surgery
• Urethral stricture surgery
• Testicular surgery
• Tumor removal
• Nephrectomy (kidney removal)
• Cystoscopy procedures
• Laparoscopic urology surgery

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, many urology surgeries are done using minimally invasive and laser techniques.

8. They Treat Bladder Problems

Urologists manage:

• Overactive bladder
• Painful bladder syndrome
• Frequent urination
• Incomplete bladder emptying
• Bladder infections
• Bladder tumors

9. They Treat Children with Urinary Problems

Paediatric urology includes:

• Bedwetting
• UTIs in children
• Congenital urinary blockages
• Undescended testes
• Vesicoureteral reflux (urine backflow)

10. They Diagnose and Treat Urological Cancers

Urologists treat cancers of:

• Kidney
• Bladder
• Prostate
• Testes
• Urethra

They handle:

• Early detection
• Biopsy
• Surgical treatment
• Follow-up care
• Coordination with oncology if needed

What Tests Do Urology Doctors Use?

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, urologists commonly use:

• Urine tests
• Blood tests (PSA, kidney function)
• Ultrasound KUB
• CT scan for stones
• Uroflowmetry
• Cystoscopy
• Biopsy
• MRI in selected cases

These tests help pinpoint the exact cause before treatment begins.

When Should You See a Urologist?

You should consult a urologist if you have:

• Burning during urination
• Frequent urination
• Blood in urine
• Difficulty passing urine
• Weak urine stream
• Pain in lower abdomen or flank
• Recurrent UTIs
• Urinary leakage
• Kidney stones
• Prostate-related symptoms
• Male fertility or sexual health issues

Early consultation prevents complications.

FAQs: What Do Urology Doctors Do?

1. Do urologists only treat men?
No. Urologists treat men, women, and children for urinary problems.

2. Can a urologist treat UTIs?
Yes. Urologists treat simple and complicated UTIs.

3. Should women see a urologist?
Yes. Women with bladder problems, stones, incontinence, or recurrent UTIs should see a urologist.

4. Do urologists perform surgery?
Yes. Urologists are fully trained surgical specialists.

5. Do urologists treat kidney failure?
They treat blockages and structural kidney problems. Medical kidney failure is handled by nephrologists.

Conclusion

So, what do urology doctors do?
They diagnose and treat problems related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system — including infections, stones, prostate disease, bladder issues, incontinence, sexual health problems, and urological cancers.

At Sai Hospital, Haldwani, our experienced urologists combine advanced diagnostics, minimally invasive surgery, and personalized care to ensure fast recovery and long-term urinary health.

If you’re facing any urinary or reproductive health problem — don’t ignore it. Early urology consultation can prevent long-term damage and improve quality of life.